Izesekeli zomlimi (zezingxenye ze-lemken ne-kverneland)
Incazelo Yomkhiqizo
Yonke imikhiqizo yenziwe ngensimbi ye-boron yekhwalithi ephezulu, ngemuva kokucubungula nokucubungula ukushisa ukushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo unokuqina okwanele nokumelana nokugqoka.Imikhiqizo ithunyelwa eRussia, Lithuania, Spain nakwamanye amazwe, ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwemakethe okungenakubalwa ngamakhasimende, ukusebenza kahle kwayo kusezingeni lokuqala.
Isici
Ukulima kuwumkhuba obalulekile kwezolimo obandakanya ukuhlephula nokuxegisa inhlabathi ukuze kwakhiwe indawo ekahle yokukhula kwezitshalo.Izinsiza zokulima zidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo, zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinhlobo zemishini yezolimo ehlukahlukene njengeGran, Rackon kanye noJohn Deere.Lezi zinsiza ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba wegeja futhi zivumela abalimi ukuthi balima umhlabathi kalula, bathuthukise i-porosity yomhlabathi futhi benze izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwezitshalo.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekile zezesekeli zomlimi ezibalulekile ekulimeni okuphumelelayo, okukhiqizayo.
1. Ukuqina:Izesekeli zomlimi zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwazo nempilo yesevisi.Zenzelwe ukumelana nokuguga kwemisebenzi yezolimo eyinselele, okuyenza ibe wutshalomali oluqinile kubalimi.
2. Ukuhlukahluka:Lezi zinsiza zihambisana nohlu lwemikhiqizo yemishini yezolimo, okuhlanganisa iGran, iRackon noJohn Deere.Lokhu kuhambisana kwenza abalimi bakwazi ukuwasebenzisa ngamamodeli emishini ehlukene, okuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka nokuguquguquka ekusebenzeni kwezolimo.
3. Nembe:Izesekeli ze-cultivator ziklanywe ngokunembile ukukhulula nokufaka umoya emhlabathini.Ngokuphula ngokucophelela inhlabathi ehlangene, lezi zesekeli zisiza ukudala indawo ekahle yezimpande zezitshalo, zikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo okunempilo, okunamandla.
4. Ukusebenza kahle:Lezi zesekeli zenzelwe ukusebenza kahle engqondweni.Bathuthukisa inqubo yokulima, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi balime izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ngesikhathi esifushane.Ngosizo lwabo, abalimi bangakhuphula umkhiqizo futhi bathole isivuno esiphezulu.
5. Ukufakwa kalula:Izesekeli zomlimi zisebenziseka kalula futhi kulula ukuzifaka.Banamathela ngokushesha nangokuvikelekile emishinini yezolimo, baqinisekise ukufakwa okungenazinkinga.Lokhu lula konga isikhathi namandla abalimi, okubavumela ukuthi bagxile kakhulu emisebenzini yabo yokulima.
6. Okwenziwa ngokwezifiso:Abakhiqizi banikeza izesekeli zokulima ngamamodeli nosayizi abahlukene, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi benze okokusebenza ngokwezidingo zabo ezithile.Lokhu kwenzelwa ngokwezifiso kuqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi bangakwazi ukujwayela imishini yabo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi nezindlela zokulima, okuqhubekisele phambili nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwabo kanye nokukhiqiza.
7. Thuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi:Inhloso eyinhloko yezesekeli zomlimi ukuthuthukisa i-porosity yomhlabathi.Ngokwakha isakhiwo senhlabathi esixegayo nesinomoya kahle, lezi zesekeli zithuthukisa ukungena kwamanzi, ukutholakala kwezakhi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze impilo yomhlabathi jikelele.
8. Ukusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu:Izesekeli zomlimi zinenani elikhulu lemali.Anenani eligculisayo uma kucatshangelwa izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezilethwa emisebenzini yokulima.Ukutshala izimali kuzinsiza zekhwalithi ephezulu kunganikeza abalimi ukonga izindleko zesikhathi eside kanye nenzuzo ethuthukisiwe.
Sekukonke, izesekeli zabalimi ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile kubalimi abafuna ukuthuthukisa inqubo yabo yokulima futhi bakhulise isivuno sabo sezitshalo.Ngokwakhiwa kwazo okuhlala isikhathi eside, ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini yasemapulazini, kanye nobunjiniyela obunembayo, lezi zinsiza zifaka isandla emisebenzini yokulima ephumelelayo, ekhiqizayo.Ukufakwa kalula, izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa impilo yenhlabathi kuqhubezela phambili ukubaluleka kwazo kwezolimo zesimanje.Ngokuhlanganisa izesekeli zabalimi ezintweni zezolimo, abalimi bangakha indawo engcono kakhulu yokutshala izitshalo zabo, ekugcineni bathole isivuno esiyimpumelelo kanye nenzuzo ephezulu.
Isicelo
Izinsiza zokulima seziphenduke amathuluzi abalulekile kubalimi nabalimi ukuze balime umhlabathi wabo ngempumelelo futhi bazuze ukukhula kwezitshalo ezifanele.Lezi zesekeli zenziwe ngensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-boron ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokubumba ngokucophelela nokwelashwa kokushisa, okuqinisekisa ukuqina okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka.Yaziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwesigaba sokuqala, le mikhiqizo ingene ngempumelelo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe njengeRussia, Lithuania, neSpain.Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka kabanzi ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisithupha ezinkulu zezinsiza zokulima futhi sigqamise ukubaluleka kwazo emisebenzini yezolimo.
1.Ukulungiswa komhlabathi:
Inhloso eyinhloko yezesekeli zomlimi ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala.Ama-blade acijile futhi aqinile aphula kalula inhlabathi ehlangene, asuse ukhula nemfucumfucu, futhi akhe umbhede wembewu ofanele.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela ukutshala imifino, izimbali, noma uqale utshani obusha, lezi zesekeli zizoqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi yakho ilungiselelwe ngokugcwele ukutshala ngempumelelo.
2. Ukulawula ukhula:
Ukhula luqhudelana ngemisoco ebalulekile enhlabathini, kube nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.Izesekeli zomlimi zingayixazulula ngempumelelo le nkinga ngokusiphula ukhula futhi ziluvikele ekukhuleni.Lezi zinsiza zifaka imiphetho ebukhali kanye nokwakhiwa okuqinile okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nomzamo odingekayo ukuze ukhula ngesandla.
3. Ukunakekela umbhede wembewu:
Ukugcina isimo kanye nesimo sombhede wembewu kubalulekile ukuze imbewu ihlume kahle futhi ikhule.Izesekeli zokulima zisiza ukuhlephula amagaqa, ukususa amatshe, nokulinganisa inhlabathi.Lo msebenzi obalulekile uqinisekisa ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwembewu futhi ukhuthaza ngisho nokumila kwezitshalo.
4. Ukuhlanganisa umanyolo:
Ukufakwa kukamanyolo ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kwemisoco yezitshalo.Izesekeli zomlimi zinhle ekuhlanganiseni umanyolo emhlabathini, zithuthukise ukumuncwa kwezitshalo umsoco futhi zikhuthaze ukukhula okunempilo.Ukuklama kwayo okuhlala isikhathi eside kuvumela umanyolo ukuba usatshalaliswe ngokuphelele futhi ngokulinganayo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwawo.
5. Ukungenisa umoya emhlabathini:
Ukukhula kwezitshalo ezinempilo kudinga inhlabathi enomoya omuhle njengoba kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande kanye nokusebenza kwamagciwane.Izesekeli zomlimi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekungeneni komhlabathi ngokudala imigodi noma imisele ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo.Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukungena kwamanzi, ukuthatha izakhi kanye nokujikeleza komoyampilo, okuholela ezitshalweni ezinempilo.
6. Ukuhlanganisa imbondela:
I-mulching iyindlela ethandwayo yokugcina umswakama wenhlabathi, ukucindezela ukukhula kokhula, nokulawula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi.Izesekeli zomlimi ziwufaka kahle isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla emhlabathini, ziqinisekise ukuthi isatshalaliswa ngendlela efanele eduze kwezitshalo zakho.Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa izinzuzo zokumboza futhi buthuthukise umkhiqizo wezitshalo kanye nempilo yezitshalo iyonke.
Sekukonke, izesekeli zokulima zibonakale zingamathuluzi abalulekile kubalimi nabalimi besimanje.Ngokuguquguquka kwazo kanye nokwakhiwa okuqinile, lezi zinsiza zihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile njengokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, ukulawula ukhula, ukunakekela umbhede wembewu, ukufaka umquba, ukufaka umoya emhlabathini kanye nokufakwa kwe-mulch.Lezi zesekeli zenziwe ngensimbi ye-boron yekhwalithi ephezulu, ebhekana nezinqubo eziqinile zokubumba nokushisa ukuze kunikeze ukuqina okungenakuqhathaniswa nokumelana nokugqoka.Ukusebenza kahle kwayo okuhle kakhulu kuqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kwezimakethe emazweni amaningi, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okudumile phakathi kwabalimi emhlabeni jikelele.
